Nitrogen is particularly needed on most soils and exerts the greatest effect on yields. Tag: Grain Sorghum Fertilizer Requirements. Once sorghum is established, two critical growth stages occur when lack of nitrogen can significantly impact yield. 4201 N. Interstate 27 Table 1 shows the typical nutrient removal for a 100-bushel per acre sorghum crop. Phone: (806) 687-8727 Fertilizer recommendation (Yield goal – soil test value) 1. Soil pH This critical component determines if nutrients in the soil can be taken up by the plant. Mr. Reddy-May 6, 2017 Of these nutrients, the key elements include nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, zinc, and sulfur. The nutrient recommendation for a soil testing in the optimum range for P and K is 120 pounds of N, 65 pounds of P 2 O 5, and 120 pounds of K 2 O for a crop with a 21-ton per acre yield potential. Adequate nitrogen must be present to support this rapid growth period. © 2021 Corteva. A soil pH range of 6.0 to 7.5 is ideal for sorghum production, with pH of 6.5 considered optimum. At boot stage, 65 to 70 percent of the total nitrogen has been taken up. In all situations, a nitrogen credit should be given for residual nitrogen in the soil (from soil test), nitrogen content in irrigation water, and nitrogen contribution from a previous legume crop or applied manure. A 5 to 7 ton forage sorghum crop will remove about 40 lb/acre P 2 O 5 and 180 lb/acre K 2 O. At 100 pounds per acre, a total of seven pounds of nitrogen (.07 x 100) and seven pounds of potassium (0.7 x 100) would be applied per acre. One of the things common to all three growers is having adequate nutrients. 1.2 lbs. This critical component determines if nutrients in the soil can be taken up by the plant. (702) Canola Winter Type3. The fertilizer used as a starter should contain a small amount of nitrogen; most, if not all, of the recommended phosphorus; and possibly some potassium. Sorghum response to phosphorus is most likely on soils testing medium or lower. Nutrient use efficiency deteriorates outside this pH range and liming to raise pH to 6.0 or above is effective. Applications should be timed such that nitrogen is in place and available for this rapid growth phase, as yield potential is being established at this time. Failing that, research at Kansas State University shows that sorghum requires 1.6 pounds of nitrogen per bushel of expected yield, assuming 2.0% organic matter. Rely on experience and local recommendations to determine the need to supplement these nutrients where a grain sorghum crop is planned. Manure applications, if available, are a good source for many nutrients, including zinc. Soil pH. ECC (effective calcium carbonate) at a significantly lower cost. See the following table for N and P recommendations for grain sorghum … 2. Fertilizer Recommendation Guide. A multiple-applicationplan is particularly important on sandy soils where preplant nitrogen can leach out of the sorghum root zone following heavy rains. If a grower wants to produce a 100-bushel sorghum crop, the grower must support this yield goal with a supply of adequate nutrients, including phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur and potassium. Salt index limits are listed in Table 3. Fertilizer management for high yielding grain sorghum Nitrogen is the main building block of plants and is used to make amino acids, proteins and then biomass. placement separate from seed, but a maximum of 10 pounds N/acre may be placed with the seed. Optimum Fertility Improves Water Use Efficiency.  | Tags: agronomy library, sorghum management, sorghum, grain sorghum, fertilizing, By Brent Bean, Ph.D., Sorghum Checkoff Agronomist. Sustainable sorghum farming strategies – growing tips and fertiliser recommendations to improve sorghum crop quality and yield. Sulfur incorporated in a starter mix is a good method of application. In addition, common phosphorus fertilizer sources contain nitrogen and sometimes sulfur, which tend to lower the pH within the narrow band to allow greaterphosphorusavailability.Growers should base the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied on soil test estimates and yield goal. Fertilizer has a significant influence on water use, as illustrated in Table 2. nitrogen/acre from previous manure application.Actual rate = 110 x 1.2 - 40 -15 = 77 pounds actual nitrogen needed. Extension Soil Specialist. Fertilizer is an important production input for optimum yields. Fertilizer requirements for sweet sorghum depend on the fertility levels of the field in which it is grown. Going into the growing season, growers often find it difficult to set a yield goal and, in turn,struggle with calculating the proper amount of nitrogen needed. It is best to have fertilizer . Soil tests should be taken to determine what kind and amounts of fertilizer should be used. Adequate potassium levels are necessary for strong stalks, but high potassium rates alone will not provide total protection from stalk lodging. Toll Free: (877) 643-USCP. If the phosphorus level in the field is low, starter fertilizer is an excellent way to get the phosphorus … Under irrigated conditions, irrigation water can supply much of a crop's sulfur needs if irrigation water contains sulfates. Improving the Profitability, Sustainability and Efficiency of Nutrients Through Site Specific Fertilizer Recommendations in West Africa Agro-Ecosystems pp 241-252 | Cite as Improving Agronomic Efficiency of Mineral Fertilizers through Microdose on Sorghum in the Sub-arid Zone of Burkina Faso Optimum nutrient … MANURE—It is important to consider nutrient credits from manure applied previously or to the current crop and adjust fertilizer rates accordingly. Soils testing in a medium or higher range for potassium (K) generally do not show a yield response to added potassium fertilizer. He currently serves as a Technical Product Manager and is involved in sorghum production with growers in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. N/bu. Optimum nutrient availability occurs within a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5. Figure 1: Phosphorus deficiency shown by purpling is often aggravated by other conditions, such as cool wet soils and slow root growth. Both phosphorus and potassium are immobile nutrients in the soil and are generally safe from leaching. Phosphorus and K fertilizer rates of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 times the recommended rates (recommended rates were 79 kg/ha P2O5 and 101 kg/ha K2O) for the lowest soil test values were applied broadcast and incorporated before planting. Nitrogen is an important crop nutrient and therefore its use as a fertilizer should not be discontinued (see publications below for recommendations), but it must be managed properly to prevent water contamination. Example: Yield goal pounds per acre = 6200 lb/ac, carryover nitrogen is 40 lb/ac from soil test. (002) Corn (for Grain) Irrigated 150 bu/a29. (C03) Corn (for Grain) Irrigated 300 bu/a 3. Adjusting high pH downward is usually impractical. A water analysis is helpful to determine sulfur content of the water. Nitrate is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless compound and it is also one of the most Zinc is most likely deficient in areas where topsoil has been removed and under high yield conditions. As a result, many growers assume they can save on other input costs as well. Fertilizer nutrient needs for grain sorghum are based on expected yield, nutrient levels in the soil and fertilizer-nitrogen costs. Bill McClure holds a Bachelor of Science degree in agronomy from the University of Nebraska. When pH drops below 5.6, liming is warranted to reduce soil acidity,which then allows plants to utilize soil nutrients. Since growers do not want to overapply nitrogen, they can manage nitrogen with a multiple-application plan. (001) Corn (for Grain) Dryland4. ©2016 United Sorghum Checkoff Program. The benefits of rapid early growth include more uniform stand establishment and plant size. Click cancel to return to SorghumCheckoff.com. The effect of starter fertilizer is most often observed on grain sorghum in areas where nights are cooler. Follow soil test recommendations to determine nutrient needs and fertilizer recommendations. He has been with Pioneer Hi-Bred since 1990. Figure 2: High pH induced iron deficiency chlorosis. Earlier flowering can improve yield in years of early frost. The actual nitrogen rate is based on the expected yield goal for the specific field, multiplied by a factor of 1.2 units per bushel (or 2.1units per hundred weight or .021 units per pound) minus any nitrogen credits. For a grain yield of 7,500 pounds per acre, sorghum needs approximately 25 inches of water during the growing season. See NebGuide G361, Using Starter Fertilizers for Corn, Grain Sorghum and Soybeans. fertilizer dollars in sorghum is from N and P. • Sulfur becoming an issue on some soils. The phosphorus content of the fertilizer is not considered when the salt index is calculated. By concentrating the phosphorus,the nutrient has less opportunity to become “tied up”by the soil. Thus, a good starter fertilizer might range from a ratio of 1-4-0, 1-3-1, 1-3-3, to 1-1-1, depending on the rate of fertilizer required. Growers should consider applying no more than 50 percent of the anticipated needed nitrogen as a preplant application and then adjusting the remainder of the nitrogen applied to meet the anticipated yield potential as the season progresses. Kansas State University research suggests that on acid soils, banding 35 pounds per acre P2O5 at planting can increase yield to the same level as liming at a rate of 5000-10,000 pounds. The salt index of a fertilizer can be determined by adding the rate of nitrogen (N), the rate of potassium (K20), and one half the rate of sulfur (S) applied. The estimated salt index would be 14 pounds per acre. This critical component enables the soil to provide nutrients to plants. (C02) Corn (for Grain) Irrigated 250 bu/a31. Follow soil test recommendations to determine nutrient requirements. Liming. The concentration of aluminum in the soil increases as soil pH decreases, eventually becoming toxic to crop growth. Adjusting high pH downward is usually impractical. Soybean fertilizer recommendations Previous Next. Assistant Professor & SDSU Extension Soil Fertility Specialist. Economic information is collected on each CGSRVP This method may be applicable on leased land situations or for fields where crop production future may be limited. Potassium In most U.S. soils,potassium is available in adequate supply for the needs of sorghum. Sulfur An often neglected nutrient in grain sorghum is sulfur, which improves nitrogen use efficiency and is especially important as yield increases. Soybean is an important crop in Minnesota and provides a significant return for many farms. A forage sorghum silage crop removes large amounts of nutrients, so soil testing is essential with this crop. Jason Clark . A general rule to thumb for nutrient removal of NPKS is 24:8:32:5 Sidedress nitrogen should be applied by the time sorghum reaches the five-leaf stage. Soil Testing Program Manager. BMR sorghum Fertilizing Grass Pastures and Hayland , NebGuide G1977 Fertilizing Proso Millet , … Information from the CGSRVP fields is used to improve and refine recommendations to meet the needs of Arkansas grain sorghum farmers and identify areas which need additional research. ™ ® Trademarks of Corteva Agriscience and its affiliated companies. Nitrate (NO3) is a naturally occurring form of nitrogen found in most soils. Check out the sorghum soil management page for current University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension recommendations for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, iron, and sulfur. When pH falls outside the optimum range, agronomists often recommend applying phosphorus in or close to the seed furrow or in a narrow band a few inches to the side and a couple of inches deep into the soil. Zinc recommendations for corn and sorghum production _____11 Lime recommendations based on SMP or Sikora buffer pH methods, given in pounds/acre of finely ground pure calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) to increase soil pH from its present However, growers may need to add potassium in very shallow soils with reducedrooting depths and on sandy soils. Some states now suggest taking a soil sample to a shallower depth for no-till. Want to stay up-to-date on all things sorghum? Properly fertilized sorghum used an average of one inch more water than unfertilized sorghum but produced 12.5 hundred weight (22 bushels) more grain per acre. Zinc Soil test zinc above 1.0 ppm does not require any fertilizer zinc additions to … Approximate quantity of nutrients in a 100 bushels per acre sorghum crop, Source: Adopted from National Plant Food Institute. Where nitrogen comes from does not … University research on boron, copper and manganese does not show a consistent response for most soils. The fertilizer needs of the crop are often neglected while attention is mostly directed at fertilizing other crops in the rotation. Soil tests for some of these nutrients are difficult to interpret. For production on sandy soils with low organic matter, it is suggested to try a 10 to 15 pounds per acre sulfur application to ascertain the likelihood of a sulfur response. 3. Under low rainfall conditions with low yield potential, 30 to 60 pounds of nitrogen per acre may be adequate. Soil pH. Soil sampling and analysis are critical for this determination and will prevent both the overapplication and underapplication of fertilizer. For information about horticultural recommendations please email Ward Upham. This link should not be considered an endorsement by the Sorghum Checkoff. The soil will become more acidic each year and liming will eventually be necessary. • Plant part: Leaves are higher then stems, upper leaves are higher than lower leaves • Tillers: Higher than main plants • Maturity: Higher yields result in lower HCN • Fertilizer: Do not over apply N and amend P and K deficiencies • Frost: Frost concentrates HCN, delay harvest or grazing few days for HCN to … … Lubbock, TX 79403 Compaction, excessive soil moisture and low soil temperatures contribute to iron chlorosis severity. Posted on Mar 11, 2019 Secondary and micronutrients are required only in certain areas and on certain soils. The appropriate use of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer for sorghum production could make an important contribution to optimize profit through increasing production and productivity of sorghum in areas, where there is low practice of using improved technologies such as optimum level of fertilizer [10]. The first stage occurs approximately 30 days after emergence, when sorghum enters a rapid growth period and the potential number of grain kernels start to form. EC 750 Original Authors: 2005 – Jim Gerwing . Extension management recommendations to produce a high yielding, economical grain sorghum crop. of yield goal Yield response to phosphorous application tends to be erratic on medium testing soils and is unlikely on soils testing high and very high for phosphorus. Kansas State cautions that the use of phosphate for aluminum toxicity reduction is a temporary solution, since it does not change the pH of the soil. Phosphorus Phosphorus is especially limited when pH drops below 6 or is above 8. For example, if nine gallons per acre of 7-21-7 fertilizer, weighing 11.0 pounds per gallon is used, then 99 pounds of material is applied per acre. Other credits include 15 lb. Sign-up for our newsletter. If your lab reported in percent, multiply percent N by 10,000 to get ppm. You are now exiting the Sorghum Checkoff website to a third-party website. Growers must base the amount of nitrogen applied on factors including yield goal, the amount of residual nitrogen in the soil profile and the expected nitrogen amount mineralized from soil organic matter. Sorghum-sudan grasses can grow in a wide pH range with 5.5-7.5 as the optimum. Use of pop-up fertilizer placed in direct contact with the sorghum seed is more risky, but can be done successfully by precisely metering a lower rate. Sorghum Production Information Guide. The nitrogen fertilizer recommendation in South Texas is 2 pounds of nitrogen for each 100 pounds per acre of grain yield. The most dramatic visual response to starter fertilizer occurs when soils are cool at planting time. Other credits include 15 lb. Fertilizer or manure ammonia is converted to nitrate only after it is applied to the field. Prior to his current role, he was a Field Sales Agronomist involved in sorghum production with growers in Nebraska. Application methods include preplant broadcast or banded as a starter at planting time. (701) Canola Spring Type2. Sorghum is no exception, requiring 1.12 pounds per bushel of grain produced, which is very similar to the recommendation for corn. Sorghum planted under cool soil conditions can show a significant early growth response when starter fertilizer is properly applied. Phosphate combines with the toxic aluminum, effectively reducing aluminum concentrations in the soil. The second stage is at or just prior to the boot stage, which occurs approximately one week prior to heading, when nitrogen supports good pollination, grain set and grain fill. Growers should strive to keep the nitrogen to sulfur ratio at approximately 15-to-1. For the low P and low K category, the new recommendation is 210-140-170. The cost of planting grain sorghum is much less expensive than other crops, primarily because of seed price. Zinc is a nutrient that is often overlooked, but is a crucial element for optimum sorghum production. On a per bushel basis, grain sorghum requires a similar amount of most nutrients as corn. Use of starter and sidedress applications should be considered when the potential for nitrate leaching is high. Even if soil tests like phosphorus (P) are in the “medium” range, one of the purposes of “starter” fertilizer for nitrogen (N) and P is to “kick-start” or stimulate growth right after emergence. Soil tests are a good tool for predicting zinc needs. In general, the application of excessive amounts of N, K20 and S too close to the seed will delay grain sorghum emergence and reduce stand. Do not place urea or ammonium thiosulfate in direct contact with the seed. Nitrogen In most farming environments,the most limiting nutrient to yield is nitrogen. A soil pH range of 6.0 to 7.5 is ideal for sorghum production, with pH of 6.5 considered optimum. Early growth response does not always increase grain yield but may result in earlier maturity of the crop. As shown in the graph below, yield becomes less responsive to nitrogen as yield approaches 150 bushels per acre becauseyield becomes limited by other factors. Grain sorghum requires approximately 1.2 pounds of nitrogen for every bushel produced. Zinc is usually applied along with phosphorous and potassium. Additional Resources. Sulfur can be lacking on sandy soils low in organic matter. Row applied starter fertilizer can maximize uptake efficiency for nutrients such as phosphate, zinc and sulfur in low testing soils. recommendation for an expected yield of 210 bu/A, multiply the 150 bu/A recommendation in the table by 1.4 (210÷150=1.4). All Rights Reserved. Ideally, producers should base fertilizer recommendations on soil test data. Soil testing is the basis for determining which of these nutrients will likely limit production. Fertilizer Recommendations by Crops, Categorized (Crop codes in parentheses) I Field Crops 1. The best example of this involves the use of fertilizer. • Fe and zinc are the micronutrient most likely to be deficient in Kansas for sorghum. • N, P, Zn, (and K) have reliable soil tests to measure nutrient availability and predict fertilizer needs. The Sorghum Checkoff is not responsible for the quality, accuracy or nature of the third-party link. Research at the University of Nebraska and other Midwestern universities has shown that significant yield increases … sorghum. Sorghum seed is sensitive to fertilizer burn-do not allow fertilizer to come in contact with seed. In some soils, growers also may need to adjust pH to ensure the availability of soil nutrients to the sorghum. (C01) Corn (for Grain) Irrigated 200 bu/a30. Low and very low phosphorus levels, as indicated from soil tests, will likely show a response to applied phosphorus (45 to 60 pounds broadcast or 20 to35 pounds in a band) unless yield potential is restricted by insufficient moisture. nitrogen/acre from previous manure application.Actual rate = 6200 x .021 - 40 -15 = 75 pounds actual nitrogen needed. Potassium is sometimes promoted as a stalk strength or standability-enhancing nutrient. In productive irrigated situations, up to 200 pounds of nitrogen will be required. Materials and Methods Field experiments were conducted on a Hoosic soil (pH 6.4, medium soil tests for P and K) at the Valatie Research Farm in Columbia County, NY. Soil test results will allow you to develop and fine-tune a sound fertility management plan. Millet is important in some farm enterprises in Minnesota. Recommendations for fertilizing corn should be used for the sorghum family, including the 100-125 kg/ha (90-110 lb/ac) nitrogen applied at planting. Soybean crop yields will decrease when it lacks essential nutrients. Proper fertilization for adequate levels of all nutrients is the best way to maximize standability. Estimated nutrient requirements for grain sorghum based on stage of growth are presented in Table 4. Ron Gelderman . Table 1. Earlier maturity may also result in slightly drier grain at harvest (one or two percentage points lower grain moisture). Multiply ppm ammonium nitrogen (from your lab report) by 2.7 to get pounds of ammonia N in an acre foot of pond water. Fertilizer Recommendations Instructions (PDF) Fertilizer Recommendation Program (XLS) Soil Test Interpretations and Fertilizer Recommendations (PDF) Horticultural Crops. -N), soil organic matter, and grain price relative to the price of fertilizer nitrogen. Starter fertilizer applications for sorghum is a sound practice in the Texas High Plains. Recommendations for nitrogen, phosphate, and potash are summarized in the tables that follow. The yield goal needs to be realistic, taking into account moisture, soil type and cropping sequence. The University of Nebraska–Lincoln recommendation for the economically optimal N rate (EONR) for grain sorghum is estimated using the equation: EONR (lb/acre) = [70 + (1.1 x EY) – (20 x OM) – (14 x NO. Equations for determining N, P and K nutrient recommendations for sorghum can be found in (Table 1). Balanced fertility programs improve water use efficiency (drought tolerance) and grain yield, at the lowest possible cost. Example: Yield goal bushel per acre = 110 bu/acre, carryover nitrogen is 40 lb/acre from soil test. Although many producers view grain sorghum as a low maintenance crop, with its deep fibrous root system, sorghum responds well to nutrient applications, especially in lower testing soils. After each cut, 50 kg/ha (45 lb/ac) more nitrogen should be applied to encourage growth. 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Ph this critical component determines if nutrients in the soil can be taken up above 8 2005 – Gerwing... Food Institute method of application important in some soils, growers also may need to adjust to! A shallower depth for no-till nitrogen rapidly after the plants reach the five-leaf stage and K have! Tolerance ) and grain yield but may result in earlier maturity may also result in slightly drier at. Enables the soil be sorghum fertilizer recommendations with the toxic aluminum, effectively reducing aluminum concentrations in soil! To his current role, he was a field Sales Agronomist involved in sorghum with... And slow root growth Millet is important in some farm enterprises in Minnesota provides! To yield is nitrogen are generally safe from leaching is sulfur, which is similar! Nutrient levels in the Texas high Plains zinc are the micronutrient most likely on soils testing a! Nutrient availability and predict fertilizer needs 1.12 pounds per acre may be placed with seed. 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And Texas is warranted to reduce soil acidity, which improves nitrogen use efficiency outside... 14 pounds per acre improve sorghum crop, Source: Adopted from National plant Food Institute utilize nutrients! By other conditions, irrigation water can supply much of a crop sulfur! Protection from stalk lodging critical component enables the soil to provide nutrients to plants yield.! Which then allows plants to utilize soil nutrients to the recommendation for Corn • sulfur becoming an issue on soils...